Axel-Pierre Bois, XGS Energy's Chief Technology Officer. Photo courtesy XGS Energy

Challenges in the energy transition often center around two questions: Where will organizations find the resources? And how will projects be financed?

XGS Energy's next-gen closed-loop geothermal well architecture addresses both issues head-on. The California-based company saw massive growth in the Houston market last year and recently completed a 100-meter field demonstration in central Texas, marking a major milestone for its technology's commercialization and potential for scale.

In an interview with EnergyCapital, Axel-Pierre Bois, XGS's Chief Technology Officer, shares what drew him to the geothermal space, why XGS is expanding in Houston and what the company's plans are for the year ahead.

How does XGS Energy's technology address the biggest challenges in geothermal energy?

XGS Energy is developing a geothermal system that decouples geothermal energy from its traditional dependence on water and geology to deliver affordable, clean energy anywhere there is hot rock.

Historically, geothermal resources have been hard to locate, as conventional systems require the overlap of hot rock, porous and permeable geology, and abundant water to produce energy, limiting their potential to a few select hot spots worldwide. Instead of relying on an underground fracture network that drives the geology and water requirements, the base component of XGS’s system is a single well, in which fluid is pumped to a hot rock resource and then returned to the surface through a tube-in-shell design, creating a sealed, closed loop. This allows XGS to produce geothermal energy anywhere where there is hot rock, unlocking terawatt-scale potential in the U.S. alone.

Geothermal systems have also struggled to secure project financing, as many systems have historically faced high levels of unplanned cost risk due to factors including water loss and production uncertainty. XGS’s sealed, closed-loop system ensures that it can provide reliable, predictable electricity throughout its lifespan. XGS also boosts the cost-competitiveness of its system through our major innovation, a proprietary thermally conductive materials system that is installed downhole around each well, increasing the heat transferred to the closed-loop system by 30-50%.

What has drawn you to a career in the geothermal energy space?

I have been in the subsurface industry for over 30 years, developing technical solutions for companies in the fields of geosciences, underground storage, upstream oil and gas, and geothermal heat harvesting to help improve their overall economic, ethical and environmental footprints. In 2009, I founded Curistec, a technology company providing research, engineering and technical services for geomechanics, wellbore integrity, well abandonment, cement design and cement and rock testing. A few years back, Curistec assisted with the Iceland Deep Drilling Project, helping to develop cement formulations for superhot geothermal well applications to enable drilling in high-temperature environments. As I looked toward the future, it became clear that next-generation geothermal technologies would transform the geothermal energy industry and open new markets worldwide. Curistec had been working closely with the XGS Energy team as technology partners for several years, so joining the team directly to help shape the technology development was an exciting opportunity to help develop and deploy a new system to unlock the full terawatt-scale potential of geothermal energy.

Tell us about the 100-meter field demonstration in central Texas completed in 2024 — what all did you and your team learn from the test?

Our 100-meter field demonstration in central Texas marked a significant step in our progress toward deploying geothermal energy in a commercial setting. With this field operation, we successfully demonstrated our ability to mix, pump and place our thermally conductive materials system at a commercial scale, using off-shelf tools and technologies. This was a significant milestone, taking us from theoretical models and laboratory tests to field-scale operations, proving that our novel geothermal system is operationally viable in real-world well conditions.

The completion of the Texas field demonstration advanced XGS into the new wave of geothermal innovators that are putting real steel in the ground. In 2024, we kicked off construction at our commercial-scale demonstration in California and are excited to share updates in the year ahead.

Last year, XGS Energy leased over 10,000 square feet of office space in Memorial City. How has Houston's business community and opportunities benefitted the company?

Houston, the epicenter of the oil and gas industry, has become a hub of energy innovation, offering attractive incentives for growing companies like XGS. The region’s workforce, which is home to some of the best subsurface engineers and operational talent in the energy sector, was a key factor for XGS when we were planning our operational roadmap. This expertise, paired with proximity to our partners in the field services industries, like cementing and drilling, is both apracticaland tactical advantage for XGS.

We’ve built a strong technical and operational team here at XGS, with experience from the oil and gas industry, utilities and power project developers. XGS is planning for continued growth in the Houston area, leveraging the region’s leading engineering and operational workforce and its intensifying interest in supporting the energy transition.

What are XGS Energy's goals for 2025?

In 2024, the XGS Energy team made significant progress toward our goal of providing clean, round-the-clock energy with our solid-state geothermal system. In 2025, XGS Energy will be focused on deploying its geothermal system at a commercial scale, starting with the completion of our full-scale prototype in California. XGS will also continue accelerating our commercial traction, expanding our already robust and highly differentiated geothermal resource evaluation toolkit, advancing our global project pipeline, and growing our team to strengthen our operational capability and capacity.

Promotions, corporate ladder climbing, and other top mover and shaker stories on EnergyCapital this year. Photos courtesy

Movers and shakers: Top executive moves in Houston energy transition of 2024

year in review

Editor's note: As the year comes to a close, EnergyCapital is looking back at the year's top stories in Houston energy transition. From new board seats to internal promotions, this year marked a big one for some of Houston's energy leaders. Here were the top five most-read articles covering the mover and shaker news of 2024 — be sure to click through to read the full story.

Growing Houston biotech company expands leadership as it commercializes sustainable products

Nádia Skorupa Parachin joined Cemvita as vice president of industrial biotechnology. Photo courtesy of Cemvita

Houston-based biotech company Cemvita recently tapped two executives to help commercialize its sustainable fuel made from carbon waste.

Nádia Skorupa Parachin came aboard as vice president of industrial biotechnology, and Phil Garcia was promoted to vice president of commercialization.

Parachin most recently oversaw several projects at Boston-based biotech company Ginkjo Bioworks. She previously co-founded Brazilian biotech startup Integra Bioprocessos. Continue reading.

California geothermal co. grows C-suite, grows presence in Houston

XGS has leased 10,000 square feet of office space in Houston. Photo via Getty Images

A geothermal company with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, has named new members of its C-suite and, at the same time, has expanded its operational footprint in Houston.

XGS Energy promoted Axel-Pierre Bois to CTO and Lucy Darago to chief commercial officer. Darago is based in Austin, and Bois, from France, lists his role as based in Houston on LinkedIn. Both have worked at XGS since February of last year.

“Axel and Lucy’s proven operational excellence and technical knowledge has helped propel XGS forward as we enter our next phase of growth,” Josh Prueher, CEO of XGS Energy, says in a news release. “I’m thrilled to have them both join XGS’ C-suite and have their support as we continue to grow our team, further advance our next-generation geothermal technology, and invest in our multi-gigawatt project pipeline.” Continue reading.

CenterPoint names 40-year industry veteran as exec for emergency response

Don Daigler will be tasked to lead CenterPoint Energy's yearly work in preparation for, response to and recovery from all emergencies, which includes both natural disasters and man-made events. Photo via CenterPoint Energy/LinkedIn

CenterPoint Energy announced the hiring of industry veteran Don Daigler as the new senior vice president of CenterPoint’s Emergency Preparedness and Response.

Daigler will be tasked to lead the company’s yearly work in preparation for, response to and recovery from all emergencies, which includes both natural disasters and man-made events. Daigler and his team will coordinate with all public safety partners.

“I’m pleased to join CenterPoint Energy and lead its Emergency Preparedness and Response team to transform how we prepare, mitigate and respond to the impacts of hurricanes, extreme weather and other emergencies,” Daigler says in a news release. ”The year-round work of our team will help position CenterPoint to deliver the service our customers expect and deserve before, during and after emergencies when the need is greatest.” Continue reading.

Houston private equity professional tapped to lead growth development at firm focused on decarbonization

Climate Investment announced Patrick Yip will lead the firm's growth investment strategy as managing director, head of growth. Photo via LinkedIn

A London-based energy transition investment firm has named a new Houston-based leader.

Climate Investment announced Patrick Yip will lead the firm's growth investment strategy as managing director, head of growth. In his new role, he will oversee the development of CI’s growth-stage portfolio, including deal sourcing, operational function of strategy, and working with the team that manages the firm's early-stage Catalyst program. He reports to the CEO, Pratima Rangarajan.

“We are excited to welcome Patrick to Climate Investment,” Rangarajan says in a news release. “The decarbonization investment opportunity continues to grow rapidly, and Patrick’s extensive experience will help us capitalize on that. He will also provide leadership and develop the market partnerships that will drive our growth investment strategy forward, playing a key role in supporting portfolio market adoption and accelerating the next stage of development for CI.” Continue reading.

Firm hires top Houston-based energy banker to grow energy transition team

Top Houston banker Stephen Trauber has joined publicly traded investment bank Moelis & Co. Image via Shutterstock

Houston energy dealmaker Stephen Trauber has been tapped as chairman and global head of the energy and clean technology business at publicly traded investment bank Moelis & Co.

In 2010, The Wall Street Journalcalled Trauber “one of the best-connected energy bankers in Houston.”

Trauber comes to New York City-based Moelis from Citi, where he recently retired as vice chairman and global co-head of natural resources and clean energy transition. Before that, he was vice chairman and global head of energy at UBS Investment Bank, where he worked with Ken Moelis, who’s now chairman and CEO of Moelis. Continue reading.

XGS has leased 10,000 square feet of office space in Houston. Photo via Getty Images

California geothermal co. grows C-suite, grows presence in Houston

making moves

A geothermal company with its headquarters in Palo Alto, California, has named new members of its C-suite and, at the same time, has expanded its operational footprint in Houston.

XGS Energy promoted Axel-Pierre Bois to CTO and Lucy Darago to chief commercial officer. Darago is based in Austin, and Bois, from France, lists his role as based in Houston on LinkedIn. Both have worked at XGS since February of last year.

“Axel and Lucy’s proven operational excellence and technical knowledge has helped propel XGS forward as we enter our next phase of growth,” Josh Prueher, CEO of XGS Energy, says in a news release. “I’m thrilled to have them both join XGS’ C-suite and have their support as we continue to grow our team, further advance our next-generation geothermal technology, and invest in our multi-gigawatt project pipeline.”

The news coincides with XGS's recent lease of over 10,000 square feet of office space in Memorial City. The company reports it plans to continue growth in the Houston region, "leveraging the region’s leading engineering and operational workforce and intensifying energy transition activity," reads the statement.

Bois was promoted from senior vice president of technology and has over 30 years of experience in geomechanics, wellbore integrity, completions design, and cement and rock testing. He previously founded and served as CEO of CURISTEC, a technical advisory firm providing services in oil and gas, geothermal, and geologic storage industries.

“We have developed a unique and proprietary approach to boosting the heat-harvesting potential of geothermal wells that is ready for commercial deployment in a range of environments today. I am excited to continue to grow our incredible team of scientists and engineers working on this important technology,” Bois says in the release. “We’re at the beginning of what this technology can unlock when it comes to supplying reliable, clean, and affordable geothermal energy globally.”

In her previous role as vice president of strategy, Darago led XGS’s financing strategy, which included a $20 million Series A expansion announced earlier this year. As CCO, she will oversee XGS’ global project development and will maintain a leading role in corporate affairs.

“It’s an exciting time to bring XGS’ technology to market. Demand for carbon-free baseload energy is at a record high, and the XGS system’s ability to unlock geothermal in more places, in a predictable and bankable way, is tailor-made for this moment,” Darago adds. “I am honored by our team and Board’s trust and look forward to helping drive the next stage of growth for XGS.”

XGS Energy promoted Axel-Pierre Bois to CTO and Lucy Darago to chief commercial officer. Image courtesy of XGS

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Houston venture firm invests in Virginia fusion power plant company in collaboration with TAMU

fusion funding

Houston-based climate tech venture firm Ecosphere Ventures has partnered with Virginia Venture Partners and Virginia Innovation Partnership Corporation’s venture capital program to invest in Virginia-based NearStar Fusion Inc., which develops fusion energy power plants.

NearStar aims to use its proprietary plasma railgun technology to safely and affordably power baseload electricity on and off the power grid through a Magnetized Target Impact Fusion (MTIF) approach, according to a news release from the company.

NearStar’s power plants are designed to retrofit traditional fossil fuel power plants and are expected to serve heavy industry, data centers and military installations.

“Our design is well-suited to retrofit coal-burning power plants and reuse existing infrastructure such as balance of plant and grid connectivity, but I’m also excited about leveraging the existing workforce because you won’t need PhDs in plasma physics to work in our power plant,” Amit Singh, CEO of NearStar Fusion, said in a news release.

NearStar will also conduct experiments at the Texas A&M Hypervelocity Impact Laboratory (HVIL) in Bryan, Texas, on prototype fuel targets and evolving fuel capsule design. The company plans to publish the results of the experiments along with a concept paper this year. NearStar will work with The University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) to develop computer performance models for target implosions.

NearStar’s MTIF approach will utilize deuterium, which is a common isotope of hydrogen found in water. The process does not use tritium, which NearStar believes will save customers money.

“While avoiding tritium in our power plant design reduces scientific gain of the fusion process, we believe the vastly reduced system complexity and cost savings of eliminating complicated supply chains, regulatory oversight, and breeding of tritium allows NearStar to operate power plants more profitably and serve more customers worldwide, ”Douglas Witherspoon, NearStar founder and chief scientist, said in a news release.

Houston’s Ecosphere Ventures invests in climate tech and sustainability innovations from pre-seed to late-seed stages in the U.S. Ecosphere also supports first-time entrepreneurs and technical founders.

Solar farms are booming and putting thousands of hungry sheep to work

Solar Power

On rural Texas farmland, beneath hundreds of rows of solar panels, a troop of stocky sheep rummage through pasture, casually bumping into one another as they remain committed to a single task: chewing grass.

The booming solar industry has found an unlikely mascot in sheep as large-scale solar farms crop up across the U.S. and in the plain fields of Texas. In Milam County, outside Austin, SB Energy operates the fifth-largest solar project in the country, capable of generating 900 megawatts of power across 4,000 acres.

How do they manage all that grass? With the help of about 3,000 sheep, which are better suited than lawnmowers to fit between small crevices and chew away rain or shine.

The proliferation of sheep on solar farms is part of a broader trend — solar grazing — that has exploded alongside the solar industry.

Agrivoltaics, a method using land for both solar energy production and agriculture, is on the rise with more than 60 solar grazing projects in the U.S., according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The American Solar Grazing Association says 27 states engage in the practice.

"The industry tends to rely on gas-powered mowers, which kind of contradicts the purpose of renewables," SB Energy asset manager James Hawkins said.

A sunny opportunity
Putting the animals to work on solar fields also provides some help to the sheep and wool market, which has struggled in recent years. The inventory of sheep and lamb in Texas fell to 655,000 in January 2024, a 4% drop from the previous year, according to the most recent figures from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Because solar fields use sunny, flat land that is often ideal for livestock grazing, the power plants have been used in coordination with farmers rather than against them.

Sheepherder JR Howard accidentally found himself in the middle of Texas' burgeoning clean energy transition. In 2021, he and his family began contracting with solar farms — sites with hundreds of thousands of solar modules — to use his sheep to eat the grass.

What was once a small business has turned into a full-scale operation with more than 8,000 sheep and 26 employees.

"Just the growth has been kind of crazy for us," said Howard, who named his company Texas Solar Sheep. "It's been great for me and my family."

Following the herd
Some agriculture experts say Howard's success reflects how solar farms have become a boon for some ranchers.

Reid Redden, a sheep farmer and solar vegetation manager in San Angelo, Texas, said a successful sheep business requires agricultural land that has become increasingly scarce.

"Solar grazing is probably the biggest opportunity that the sheep industry had in the United States in several generations," Redden said.

The response to solar grazing has been overwhelmingly positive in rural communities near South Texas solar farms where Redden raises sheep for sites to use, he said.

"I think it softens the blow of the big shock and awe of a big solar farm coming in," Redden said.

Fielding more research
Agrivoltaics itself isn't new. Solar farms are land-intensive and require a lot of space that could be used for food production. Agrivoltaics compensates by allowing the two to coexist, whether growing food or caring for livestock.

There is a lot still unknown about the full effects of solar grazing, said Nuria Gomez-Casanovas, an assistant professor in regenerative system ecology at Texas A&M University.

Not enough studies have been done to know the long-term environmental impacts, such as how viable the soil will be for future agriculture, although Gomez-Casanovas suspects solar grazing may improve sheep productivity because the panels provide shade and can be more cost-efficient than mowing.

"We really have more questions than answers," Gomez-Casanovas said. "There are studies that show that the land productivity is not higher versus solar alone or agriculture alone, so it's context-dependent."

As one of Texas' largest solar sheep operators, Howard has more clients than he can handle. He expects to add about 20 more employees by the end of this year, which would nearly double his current workforce. As for the sheep, he has enough already.

Chevron and partners to develop innovative power plants to support AI-focused data centers

power partners

Houston-based Chevron U.S.A. Inc., San Francisco investment firm Engine No. 1, and Boston electric service company GE Vernova have announced a partnership to create natural gas power plants in the United States. These plants support the increased demand for electricity at data centers, specifically those developing artificial intelligence solutions.

“The data centers needed to scale AI require massive amounts of 24/7 power. Meeting this demand is forecasted to require significant investment in power generation capacity, while managing carbon emissions and mitigating the risk of grid destabilization,” Chevron CEO Mike Wirth, shared in a LinkedIn post.

The companies say the plants, known as “power foundries,” are expected to deliver up to four gigawatts, equal to powering 3 million to 3.5 million U.S. homes, by the end of 2027, with possible project expansion. Their design will allow for the future integration of lower-carbon solutions, such as carbon capture and storage and renewable energy resources.

They are expected to leverage seven GE Vernova 7HA natural gas turbines, which will serve co-located data centers in the Southeast, Midwest and West. The exact locations have yet to be specified.

“Energy is the key to America’s AI dominance, “ Chris James, founder and chief investment officer of investment firm Engine No. 1, said in a news release. “By using abundant domestic natural gas to generate electricity directly connected to data centers, we can secure AI leadership, drive productivity gains across our economy and restore America’s standing as an industrial superpower. This partnership with Chevron and GE Vernova addresses the biggest energy challenge we face.”

According to the companies, the projects offer cost-effective and scalable solutions for growth in electrical demand while avoiding burdening the existing electrical grid. The companies plan to also use the foundries to sell surplus power to the U.S. power grid in the future.